Our main focus in these experiments was to determine where color spreads in a variety of contexts. Furthermore, illusory color filled a space bound by a combination of physical and illusory contours depending on the fringe end-cuts and other perceptual organization cues within the stimulus.
As in Experiment 1, color did not spread beyond physically open regions. This altered the local context by adding physical contours inside the fringed color-spreading region. Experiment 2 consisted of transparent “wireframe” versions of the opaque-appearing stimuli used in Experiment 1. Regardless of perceived dimensionality or enclosure, color did not spread beyond the fringed color-spreading region as confirmed by illusion magnitude ratings and handwritten shading. Others removed fringe from one side, opening up the color-spreading region to another part of the stimulus. Some conditions fully enclosed the color-spreading region with fringe on all sides. Experiment 1 utilized two- and three-dimensional-appearing stimuli with the WCI in only one part of each stimulus. The present experiments explored how local and global stimulus factors influence the spatial expanse of WCI color spreading. The watercolor illusion (WCI) occurs when a physically non-colored region surrounded by contrasting contour and fringe appears filled in with a hue similar to the fringe. Two parallel and independent processes as proposed within the FACADE model (Grossberg, 1994, 1997) are suggested to account for the two effects of coloration and figural enhancement in the watercolor illusion. The results demonstrated that (i) the watercolor illusion and, particularly, its figural effect won over the classical Gestalt factors of similarity (ii) the watercolor illusion cannot be due to the coloration effect as suggested by the similarity principle (iii) coloration and figural effects may be independent in the watercolor illusion, and (iv) the watercolor illusion can be considered as a principle of figure-ground segregation on its own. In four experiments, the strength of the watercolor illusion to determine figure-ground organization is directly compared (combined or pitted against) with the Gestalt principle of similarity both of color and line width. purple) contour flanked by a lighter chromatic contour (e.g. The watercolor illusion presents two main effects: a long-range assimilative color spreading (coloration effect), and properties imparting a strong figure status (figural effect) to a region delimited by a dark (e.g.
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